International Gem Society
Articles by International Gem Society
How Do Zircons Form?
As a December birthstone, blue zircon is very popular. But are blue zircons natural? Learn how zircons form and get...
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What is a Mineral?
How do scientists define a mineral? Learn what minerals are made of, the difference between gemstones and minerals, and their...
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Natural Radiation and Gemstone Color
Natural radiation can create beautiful colors in many gemstones. Learn how natural radiation works and the gems most commonly affected...
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Zircon Heat Treatment
Are zircons natural gemstones? Learn how zircon heat treatment works and the difference between zircon and cubic zirconia.
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A Step-Cut Montana Sapphire Design
Watch lapidarist Jim Buday facet a step-cut Montana sapphire design. This version of the traditional cut produces a very bright...
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How Old Is My Zircon?
Is zircon the oldest mineral? Find out why zircon is important for scientifically dating rocks and how to learn a...
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What’s the Difference Between Gemology and Mineralogy?
There are key differences between gemology and mineralogy. Learn about these disciplines and how studying mineralogy can benefit gemologists.
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Cleo Eye Gemstone Design for a Moissanite
https://vimeo.com/891998005?share=copy
Check out the full-length video on the International Gem Society YouTube Channel.
Jim Buday takes you step by step through...
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Void Reaver Gem Design for a Lab-Created Alexandrite
https://vimeo.com/848434700?share=copy
Check out the full-length video on the International Gem Society YouTube Channel.
About Jim Buday
Jim Buday was born and...
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D20 Gemstone: a Dungeons and Dragons-Inspired Design
https://vimeo.com/839864900?share=copy
Check out the full-length video on the International Gem Society YouTube Channel.
About Jim Buday
Born and raised in...
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Appraising Turquoise: Challenges for Gemologists
What do gemologists need to know when appraising turquoise? Learn what are the main value factors to consider and the...
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Turquoise Treatments and Synthetics Guide
Almost all turquoises receive enhancements for jewelry use. Learn how to identify the most common turquoise treatments and synthetic options....
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Traditional Turquoise Jewelry Styles
People have prized turquoise jewelry for millennia. Learn about these traditional turquoise designs that still influence modern artisans.
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How to Cut a Moissanite: Rupee Step Cut
https://vimeo.com/video/861664423
Check out the full-length video on the International Gem Society YouTube Channel.
About Jim Buday
Born and raised in...
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Turquoise Color and the Color Turquoise
Is all turquoise turquoise color? Learn about this gem's most popular natural colors and how people have prized them for...
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Turquoise Care Guide
Beautiful turquoises tend to show wear over time. Our turquoise care guide will show you the best ways to clean...
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How Do Turquoises Form?
Turquoise gems can show many beautiful variations. Learn how turquoises form and how geology affects their color, shape, and durability....
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16 Black Gemstones (How Many Do You Know?)
Some black gemstones are so well-known their names have become synonymous with the color black. Others are less well-known by...
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What are Balas Rubies and Ruby Spinels?
For centuries, balas rubies were prized by royalty. Learn what happened after gemologists identified these gems as red spinels instead....
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Four Famous Spinels
Although the world’s most famous spinels are named “rubies,” these gems are distinct species. Learn the stories behind four of...
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How Do Spinels Form?
Available in many colors, spinels are becoming more popular with consumers. Learn how spinels form and how these gemstones get...
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Spinel Inclusions
The materials trapped inside gems hold a wealth of information. Learn what the most common types of spinel inclusions reveal...
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What are Cobalt Spinels?
Learn how gemologists identify cobalt spinels and what qualities you should look for when buying these beautiful, vivid blue gemstones....
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Choosing a Spinel Engagement Ring Stone
Our spinel engagement ring stone guide can help you learn about this beautiful, colorful, durable, but little-known gemstone.
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Spinel Treatments and Enhancements
Spinels are rarely treated, but gemologists should know how to detect spinel treatments. Learn about filling, heating, and diffusion.
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Anniversary Gifts By Year
The anniversary gift for year 1 is gold, and the anniversary gift for year 2 is garnet. Our chart tells...
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Does Synthetic Jade Exist?
You might find synthetic jade for sale, but is this material really lab-made jade or something else? Learn how to...
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Distinguishing Common Jade Lookalikes
Our table comparing the properties of jade lookalikes with natural jade will help gemologists distinguish authentic jade from simulants.
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Is Xinjiang Nephrite Banned in the US?
How does the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act of 2021 affect imports of Xinjiang nephrite jade from China? Learn what...
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Jade Color Trade Names
Jade color trade names describe prized hues and patterns in jadeite and nephrite stones. Learn about the most popular and...
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Do the 2021 US Myanmar Sanctions Affect the Jade Trade?
What do the 2021 Myanmar sanctions cover and will they affect the jade trade? Learn about the origins, scope, and...
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Nephrite Jade Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Nephrite is one of the two distinct minerals commonly known as jade. While nephrite doesn't match the variety or the...
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Jade Engagement Ring Guide
Jade is an elegant choice for an engagement ring stone. Our jade engagement ring guide will show you how to...
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Maw Sit Sit Guide
Learn everything you need to know about maw sit sit, a rare, vibrant green gem rock used to make beautiful...
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Jade Sources
Jadeite and nephrite occur all over the world. Learn about the most notable and productive gem-quality jade sources..
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Nephrite Jade Carvings from Ancient China
Nephrite jade carvings can teach us about Ancient China. See how ideas of transformation are reflected in numerous ritual objects....
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Jade Toughness and Care
Jade toughness is legendary. However, this gem isn’t indestructible. Learn what makes jadeite and nephrite so tough and how to...
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How Does Jade Form?
The minerals known as jade, jadeite and nephrite, appear similar but have different properties. Learn how these materials form geologically....
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Variscite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
With beautiful green to blue-green colors and interesting patterns, variscite is a popular hobbyist material for cabochons.
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Does Chrysoprase Jewelry Fade?
Should you wear chrysoprase jewelry only at night to protect the gem’s striking green color? Learn the facts here.
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Legrandite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Too soft for jewelry use, legrandite is a popular collector’s mineral because of its intense yellow color and aesthetic crystal...
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Sapphire Symbolism
Beautiful blue colors and the star stone effect have influenced sapphire symbolism through the ages. Learn more about the legends...
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Smithsonite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Smithsonite occurs across the globe, but facetable crystals are extremely rare. These gems can show a wide range range of...
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Vivianite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Vivianite is so fragile and soft, any faceted gems would be difficult to handle safely, let alone wear. Nevertheless, its...
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Can You Identify Gems Without Seeing Gemstone Colors?
Did you know most gem species can be distinguished without the element of color? Learn the role gemstone colors play...
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Eudialyte Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although lapidaries can cut cabochons and decorative objects from massive or translucent eudialyte crystals, transparent material suitable for faceting is...
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Price and Value: Factory-Cut vs Custom-Cut Gemstones
How does faceting affect gem value? Unique custom-cut gemstones command high prices. Learn how custom cutting compares to factory cutting....
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Onyx Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
For millennia, artisans have carved intricate cameos from black-and-white onyx. Solid black onyxes, faceted or cabbed, are also popular jewelry...
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Peridot Buying Guide
Our peridot buying guide can help you learn how these gems are graded, what to avoid, and how to identify...
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What are Lab-Grown Sapphires?
Learn how lab grown sapphires are made and how gemologists can distinguish natural from synthetic sapphires.
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Covellite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although covellite has attractive blue colors and shows iridescence, this rare mineral is difficult to cut. You can scratch it...
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Sphalerite Buying Guide
Our sphalerite buying guide can help you learn how these gems are graded, what to avoid, and how to identify...
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Bytownite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although bytownite occurs throughout the world, this feldspar variety is rarely encountered in gem-quality condition.
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Villiaumite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
A little-known and rare collector’s gemstone, villiaumite is very difficult to facet. Its toxicity also makes it inadvisable to handle...
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Gemstone Faceting Terms: A Glossary for Students
A glossary of frequently encountered gemstone faceting terms for the student gemologist. Our list covers gemology, gem cutting, and equipment....
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Choosing the Best Faceting Wax for Your Task
Faceting wax or dop wax comes in different colors with different melting points. Learn how to choose the wax best...
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September Birthstone: Sapphire
What is the birthstone for September?
The birthstone for September is sapphire. Sapphires are members of the gem species corundum....
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The World’s Largest Emeralds
Emerald crystals can grow very large. Learn about some of the world’s largest emeralds, whether rough, faceted, or carved.
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Heliodor Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Heliodor is a member of the beryl family. This stone is known for its range of yellow colors — from...
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Fantasy Gem Designs: Cutting Techniques
Fantasy gem designs combine elements from faceted and cabbed stones as well as artistic embellishments. Learn the basics of this...
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Emerald Origins: History and Identification
Emeralds from different sources can vary in quality. Learn how to identify emerald origins by analyzing the optical and physical...
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Proustite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Proustite crystals have magnificent red colors and good brilliance. Although facetable, they're too soft for jewelry use but highly desired...
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How to Facet Gems
What does it take to facet gems? Patience and HAI, locking the gem at the right height, angle, and index...
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Wulfenite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although aesthetically magnificent wulfenite crystals are often too thin, soft, and sensitive to cut for jewelry, rare faceted pieces are...
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Gold Refining Advice for Jewelers
Before you turn the alloyed gold you got a great deal on into gold jewelry, carefully consider what gold refining...
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What are Black Diamonds and Carbonados?
Most black diamonds used in jewelry are enhanced, but natural black-colored diamonds do exist. Learn more about these as well...
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Rutile Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Though perhaps best known as inclusions within other gems, rutile crystals themselves can be faceted or cabbed as curiosities for...
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Xonotlite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Xonotlite is strong and can take a good polish. However, these gems are extremely rare, both as a species and...
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Jewelry Making Tools: An Introduction
Jewelry making is a great way to tap into your creative side. Learn what jewelry making tools you’ll need to...
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Leucite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although abundant in various lava rocks, leucite is extremely rare in gem-quality form and often has a milky or cloudy...
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A World of Crystals
We live in a world of crystals. Learn what they are and where you can find them, from deep underground...
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Properly Charging Ceramic Laps
A ceramic lap is an excellent choice for polishing gemstones. Here is a guide for properly charging ceramic laps and...
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Zektzerite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Small, cuttable crystals of very rare zektzerite are found only in a mountainous location in Washington state. Faceted pieces would...
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Petalite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Gem-quality, colorless, facetable petalite is rare and desirable to collectors. More so if the stones are large and free of...
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Tips for Polishing Synthetic Corundum
Polishing synthetic corundum without leaving pits requires certain techniques and tools. Get expert lapidary advice here.
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Rhodonite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Ranging in color from pink to a fine rose red, rhodonite is a popular material for jewelry and decorative objects....
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Polishing Gemstones for Beginners: Pre-Polishing Advice
Polishing gemstones is difficult to master. Pre-polishing plays a major role in how well a gem can take a polish....
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Top Spots for Gem Hunting in the US
Visit one of the top gem hunting spots in the US. Go alone or with the family. A gemology-themed vacation...
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Apophyllite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although not suitable for jewelry, apophyllite is a popular collector's piece. Perhaps the whitest of all gems, some cut specimens...
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Gem Formation: How are Gemstones Created?
Gem formation usually involves mineral crystallization and other geological processes. Learn how these affect the gemstone properties gemologists study.
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Cuprite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
One of the rarest of all facetable gems, cut cuprites can show magnificent deep red color. However, these beautiful stones...
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Gemstone Optical Properties
Learn how gemstone optical properties, like refractive index and pleochroism, help gemologists identify gems and lapidaries choose cuts.
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Sapphire Buying Guide
Long associated with royalty, sapphires are some of the most popular (and expensive) gems in the world. Our sapphire buying...
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Anhydrite (Angelite) Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Rare and difficult to cut, anhydrite is seldom faceted. However, this material can be carved into beautiful objects. “Angelite,” a...
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Parisite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
More well-known as rare inclusions in emeralds, parisite crystals are usually small and seldom faceted.
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Spinel Buying Guide
Our spinel buying guide can help you learn how spinels are graded and how to identify a high-quality stone or...
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The Foundation Stones of the New Testament
Commentaries on the foundation stones of the Book of Revelation influenced the development of the Western birthstone system. Learn more...
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Is Golden Beryl a Good Gem Choice for Jewelry?
Golden beryl, also known as heliodor, can display rich colors and is an excellent gem choice for jewelry. Learn more...
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Diamond Rough and Equipment for the Occasional Diamond Cutter
Finding good diamond rough and the right equipment can be challenging for a non-professional diamond cutter. Learn what to look...
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Report Card for the Best Engagement Ring Insurance in 2024
Independent report by International Gem Society on the Best Engagement Ring Insurance on the Market in 2022.
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Euclase Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although hard enough to be worn safely in jewelry, euclase in beautiful colors is rare over a few carats. It’s...
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Gemstone Wholesale Prices and the Art of Appraising
There are few guides to gemstone wholesale prices. However, appraising gemstones requires in-depth knowledge and experience, not just price lists....
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Choosing the Best Colored Gemstones for Engagement Rings
Looking for alternatives to a classic diamond engagement ring? Learn about your options and see some wonderful photos of colored...
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Jewelry Nomenclature: Jewelry Attachments and Various Findings
Jewelry attachments are the pieces used to hold jewelry items together. Learn about the most popular types as well as...
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Garnet Symbolism
Garnet symbolism is rich and varied. The January birthstone has inspired many legends and popular associations with love, friendship, light,...
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Phenakite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Rare phenakite is a very hard gem material suitable for jewelry. Usually colorless, cut stones have little fire but can...
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Jewelry Nomenclature: Gem Earrings
Earrings are available in many styles. Learn to identify the most popular types of metal and gem earrings and the...
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What Were the Gemstones of the Breastplate of Aaron?
In Exodus, the breastplate of Aaron was said to hold 12 gems. However, the gemological identities of the stones, like...
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Jewelry Nomenclature: Gem Bracelets and Necklaces
Bracelets and necklaces share much of their terminology. Learn the names and functions of the different parts of these popular...
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Recommendations for Polishing Silver Jewelry
These cleaning tips will make polishing silver jewelry a little easier. Learn how to prevent tarnish and how to clean...
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Tugtupite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Gem collectors prize tugtupite, the "Reindeer Stone," for its rich colors and intense reaction to ultraviolet light. Sporadically used in...
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Jewelry Nomenclature: Gem Rings
Though rings may come in many styles, gem cutters will regularly encounter a few common types of gem rings. Learn...
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The Pocket Spectroscope: A Quick Guide for Gemologists
An inexpensive pocket spectroscope can be great for student gemologists as well as pros who need to identify gems while...
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Serandite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
To date, only one locality — Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec, Canada — has produced facetable serandite. These extremely rare gems...
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Cutting Star Gemstones: Tips for Beginners
Want to start cutting beautiful star gemstones? Here are some helpful gemological resources for novice lapidaries and jewelers.
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Tips and Tricks To Buy Diamonds Online
If you want to buy a diamond online rather than at a brick-and-mortar store, you’ll need to be well-informed. These...
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Humite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Clinohumites and chondrodites can make beautiful gemstones with rich colors, but these members of the humite mineral group are rare...
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Do Emeralds and Peridots Look Good Together?
Although emeralds and peridots are both green gems, differences in shade might make it hard to pair them in jewelry....
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How to Grade Fancy Cut Diamonds
Fancy cut diamonds can have any finished shape, except round. These stones have their own grading criteria, in particular regarding...
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Weloganite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Truly a collector’s gem, weloganite is very rare and seldom cut. This stone can show pale yellow colors.
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How to Orient Sapphires with Silk Inclusions
Silk inclusions in sapphires are hard to detect. Learn to pick the best orientation and cut for these gems. You...
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Colemanite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Colemanite is an abundant mineral, and transparent material isn’t rare. However, gem cutters rarely facet these typically pale stones. Difficult...
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2021 Black Friday & Cyber Monday Deals on Diamond Rings
Online diamond sellers have occasional sales throughout the year but it's time-consuming to keep track of them all. One thing...
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Top 5 Facts About Diamonds
Here are the top 5 facts about diamonds you need to know: (1) the supply of blood diamonds has decreased;...
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Dolomite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although transparent dolomite crystals are fairly abundant and popular collector’s items, faceted gems are soft, fragile, and rarely seen in...
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How Much Should You Spend on an Engagement Ring?
Throw the old engagement ring budget rule in the trash. You should spend as much or as little as you...
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How to Dry Opals Safely
Opals should be handled with care. If you buy opals that have been kept in water, follow these instructions to...
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Cryolite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Typically colorless with a “sleepy” look, cryolite is rarely found in nature. Rough suitable for gem faceting is extremely scarce....
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Cobaltite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Cobaltite cabochons can have a lovely metallic luster. However, this gem material is very seldom faceted.
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How Can a Gemstone’s Optic Sign Change?
A gemstone's optic sign may be listed as either + or -. Learn whether impurities in a specific stone or...
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Chambersite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Chambersite is an exceedingly rare mineral. Although it has properties suitable for jewelry use, its crystals occur in very small...
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Opal Wearability and Jewelry Tips
Are opals too delicate for jewelry? Learn how to choose the right settings for opal wearability, so you can enjoy...
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Barite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Massive white barite (also called known as baryte) looks like marble and could be used for decorative purposes. In spite...
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Anorthite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
The rarest plagioclase feldspar, anorthite is very rarely faceted.
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Lapidary Tips for Polishing Girdles
What are the best techniques and tools for polishing girdles? Learn how to complete your faceted gems quickly and easily...
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Datolite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Polished and sliced datolite nodules can show off very attractive colors. Datolite is a popular collector’s mineral, but faceted and...
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What Does the GIA Colored Gem Grading Code Mean?
The GIA grading system describes gem color in terms of hue, tone, and saturation. Learn what the abbreviations and numbers...
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Rhodochrosite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Beautiful rose red to pink rhodochrosite crystals are popular with mineral collectors. Although very soft, opaque stones have been fashioned...
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Descriptive Crystallography for Gemologists
Crystallography is the study of crystalline solids. Learn the most common terms gemologists use to describe the structure of crystal...
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Scorodite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
With lovely colors and intense pleochroism, faceted scorodite is a prize for collectors of the rare and unusual. However, it’s...
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Anglesite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although anglesites with pale colors can show great dispersion and brightness, they’re difficult to cut and inadvisable to wear. Faceted...
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How to Choose the Best Metal for Your Engagement Ring
Platinum and gold are the two of the best types of metal for an engagement ring. But they aren't the...
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Kyanite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Kyanite’s physical properties make it very difficult to facet. However, it’s a popular collector’s gem, especially in sapphire-blue colors.
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Amazonite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
A green to blue-green variety of microcline, amazonite makes a wonderful gemstone for cabbing and carving.
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How to Modify a Powder Scale for Specific Gravity Testing
Learn how to modify a powder scale for specific gravity testing. A handmade wire basket will make this easy-to-use scale...
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Siderite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Siderite is difficult to cut, but this light brown collector's gem has yielded faceted pieces of great beauty.
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Guide to Organizing Your Gemstone Collection
Learn how to organize your gemstone collection. Choose the storage and display options that are right for you and create...
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Serpentine Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
The gem material known as serpentine actually encompasses several related mineral species. For millennia, people have cut serpentines into beautiful...
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Anatase Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Anatase occurs in many beautiful colors, such as deep indigo and amber yellow. However, these rare gems are seldom transparent...
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Purpurite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Purpurite is too soft for jewelry wear and never transparent. Nevertheless, lapidaries have cut cabochons from this material with magnificent...
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Best Rough Gemstones for Beginning Faceting
Learn which rough gemstones are ideal for beginning faceting practice. A progression of relatively inexpensive gem species can teach important...
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Why Choose a Barion Cut?
Gem faceters must consider factors like brilliance, color, and faceting yield before choosing a cut style. Learn what a Barion...
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Creedite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Probably fewer than a dozen creedite gems have ever been faceted. This rare mineral is rarer still as a cuttable...
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The Ultimate Guide to the Best Jewelry Insurance Companies
Our jewelry insurance guide reviews the policies of the top eight companies. Learn what to look for so you can...
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Ludlamite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Ludlamite has a lovely green color, but cut stones are extremely rare. Large crystals of this phosphate mineral are known...
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Jade Symbolism
Both jadeite and nephrite have inspired beautiful works of art and a rich body of lore. Jade symbolism covers themes...
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Standard Gem Sizes Chart
Will your gem fit in a standard setting? Use this chart of standard gem sizes for popular cuts and also...
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Prosopite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Prosopite is usually a nondescript mineral with no gem significance. However, beautiful blue specimens are sometimes cut for jewelry.
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Hematite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Hematite has a long history of use as a pigment. As a gemstone, this material is often carved but very...
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Wavellite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Wavellite is a very attractive mineral, well-known to collectors. Its radial aggregate crystal clusters can be cut into extremely interesting...
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Stibiotantalite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Rare stibiotantalite possesses an interesting mix of physical and optical properties that help distinguish it from other earth-toned gemstones. However,...
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Active Promo Codes for Diamond Rings and Jewelry
Updated July 23, 2022. Up-to-date promo codes, coupons, and sales to save you money on diamond rings, engagement rings, jewelry,...
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Appraising Opals
Opals are unique gems with their own unique terminology. Learn the modern standard system for classifying and appraising opals used...
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Sodalite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Typically blue, durable, and easy to cut, sodalite is highly desired by hobbyists. Even stones that lack transparency make lovely...
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What is a Gem?
Even the most general definition of a gem has many exceptions. Learn what qualities have been used to identify gemstones...
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Mellite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Mellite is a rare and unusual organic gemstone. Although soft and fragile, the “honey stone” is quite beautiful when cut....
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Should I Make an Investment in Bargain Rubies?
Do you have an offer for bargain rubies that's too good to be true? Learn what you need to know...
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Gemstones with Health Benefits
Since ancient times, people have believed gems could have healing properties. Let’s take a look at some popular gemstones with...
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Fluorite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although too fragile for most jewelry use, fluorites are often faceted for collectors. They occur in a wide range of...
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Grandidierite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
A rather rare mineral, lovely blue-green grandidierite is seldom seen in gem or jewelry collections. Translucent material is sometimes cut...
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Can Wearing Gems That Touch Your Skin Improve Your Health?
Will wearing gems that touch the skin of your finger bring you health benefits? Before you buy any ring stone,...
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The Best Asscher Cut Diamond Engagement Rings For Every Budget
Asscher diamonds get their name from the Royal Asscher Diamond Company, the Dutch company that invented the cut. It features...
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The Best Round Engagement Rings For Every Budget
Round cut diamonds have been around for centuries. As a timeless diamond cut, they offer exceptional resilience in popularity when...
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The Best Cushion-Cut Engagement Rings For Every Budget
Cushion-cut diamonds are the second most sought-after diamonds on the market today. The cut's popularity comes from combining two other...
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Gem and Jewelry Insurance Quotes: Four Money-Saving Questions
How can you get lower gem and jewelry insurance quotes? Asking a potential insurer these four questions could help lower...
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Is Lab-Created Alexandrite Real Alexandrite?
Natural alexandrite is popular and rare, which creates a market for synthetics. But is lab-created alexandrite real alexandrite? Learn the...
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Jewelry and Gemstone Insurance: Nine Questions You Need to Ask
Before you buy jewelry and gemstone insurance, learn what to ask insurance companies and make sure the policy meets your...
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Bloodstone Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Also known as heliotrope, bloodstone is the traditional March birthstone. This dark green, opaque chalcedony with red to orange spots...
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Does Homeowners Insurance Cover Gems and Jewelry?
Your homeowners insurance may cover gems and jewelry, but don’t assume it covers all risks or the value of your...
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Is Uranium Glass Safe to Facet?
Uranium glass, or Vaseline glass, is a prized collector's item and is generally safe to handle. But is it safe...
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The Best Oval Diamond Engagement Rings for Every Budget
Oval diamonds are consistently one of the most popular diamond cuts on the market. Oval diamond engagement rings are popular...
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Kämmererite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
A beautiful but rare mineral, kämmererite is extraordinarily difficult to facet. As a result, the availability of cut gems is...
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Jewelry and Gemstone Appraisals for Insurance
Need insurance for your jewelry? You’ll need jewelry and gemstone appraisals. Learn what info they should include and who to...
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Diamond Cutting for Hobbyists: Getting Started
With study, care, and the right tools, hobbyist gem cutters can add diamond cutting to their repertoire. Get started with...
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Jet Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Historically a popular black gem, jet has declined in popularity in modern times. Although jet jewelry has been long associated...
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Are There Any Fair Gemstone Pricing Formulas?
Can gemstone pricing formulas help gem merchants and buyers make fair deals? Learn what factors should play a role in...
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What’s the Difference Between Mineral Samples and Gem Rough?
For faceting, the distinction between gems and minerals is usually clarity. However, learn why the decision to cut may be...
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Aquamarine Grading and Pricing
Aquamarines are evaluated based on the Four Cs: color, clarity, cut, and carat. Learn how each factor affects aquamarine grading...
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Learn How to Use the IGS Gem Price Guide
The IGS Gem Price Guide covers commonly traded colored gemstones as well as more unusual, collectible gems. The values listed...
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Spurrite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
An attractive but uncommon mineral, spurrite has seldom been cut as a gemstone. However, it has the hardness and tenacity...
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Kurnakovite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Kurnakovite is difficult to cut, inadvisable to wear, and usually colorless. Consequently, faceted specimens are extremely rare.
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Rhodizite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Rhodizite is tough enough to make an excellent jewelry stone. However, it's quite a rare mineral. Faceted specimens are extremely...
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What is Gemstone Dispersion?
Learn what gemstone dispersion means, what causes it, and how it relates to other optical effects.
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A Tribute to Bench Jewelers
Bench jewelers work very hard with little or no acknowledgement, creating and repairing treasured possessions. These stories pay tribute to...
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Epidote Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
The epidote mineral supergroup contains many related species of interest to collectors. However, epidote itself is the one most likely...
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Creating Ring Mountings for Deep-Cut Gemstones
Deep-cut gems like Barions may not fit in standard ring mountings. Jewelers can try to find special mounts or custom...
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Obsidian Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Obsidian is the most common form of natural glass and occurs in many attractive varieties. Since prehistoric times, people have...
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Phenomenal Gems: Cat’s Eyes, Star Stones, and More
Phenomenal gems seem to do magical things with light. Learn the science behind optical effects like cat’s eyes and star...
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Pollucite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Colorless pollucites lack fire when cut and are usually small. However, this very rare cesium mineral is a coveted collector's...
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Aquamarine Enhancements
The most common aquamarine enhancements try to turn blueish green stones pure blue. Learn how heating and other aquamarine treatments...
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Aquamarine Durability
Aquamarines are fairly tough jewelry stones, but they do have some weaknesses. Learn about aquamarine durability and what precautions you...
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Synthetic Aquamarines
Synthetic aquamarines are relatively rare, but gemologists may encounter them. Learn how these stones are made and how to distinguish...
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Aquamarine Setting Advice
Aquamarines can look great, but what’s the best way to mount them? Novice jewelers should learn the pros and cons...
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Distinguishing Aquamarine Imitations
How can gemologists quickly distinguish aquamarines from aquamarine imitations? We’ll review some common lookalikes and their most notable differences.
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Phosgenite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Rare phosgenite typically shows pale colors. This material is difficult to cut and too soft for jewelry wear. However, its...
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Aquamarine Sources
Aquamarines are popular gemstones and can be found in many areas worldwide. Learn about some prized varieties and the most...
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Cerussite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
As beautiful as a diamond, a faceted cerussite actually has higher dispersion and usually excellent transparency, colorless or light body...
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How Do Aquamarines Form?
The March birthstone, aquamarine is a popular gem. Learn how aquamarines form, what they look like, and how they get...
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Milarite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Very rare milarite crystals can occur in green and yellow colors. Transparent material can yield small but pleasant looking faceted...
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Six Famous Aquamarines
Aquamarines have been cut into many large and beautiful gemstones. Let’s take a look at six of the world’s most...
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Magnesite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Transparent, gem-quality magnesite is rare and beautiful, with colors ranging from colorless, white, and gray to a yellowish brown.
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Amber Symbolism
Amber has a long history of ornamental use and popular associations with animals, energy, and the Sun. Learn more about...
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Eosphorite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Faceted eosphorites in pale colors are quite attractive and easy to cut. However, these very rare gems are too soft...
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Sapphirine Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Sapphirines are durable but very rare gemstones. Although named after their typically sapphire-blue color, these gems can occur in different...
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Does Refractive Index Affect Gemstone Brightness?
Many factors contribute to gemstone brightness. Learn the role a gem's refractive index plays and the difference between gemology theory...
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Lazulite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Lazulite makes a magnificent, deep blue gemstone. Although the mineral itself occurs widely, gem-quality rough is limited. Specimens are prized...
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Recommended Diamond Grading Tools for Novices
Identifying diamonds requires the right equipment. Learn what diamond grading tools novice professionals or hobbyists need.
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Adamite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although adamite occurs in many localities, it's very rarely cut as a gem. This mineral is much too soft and...
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Staurolite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Staurolite crystals in opaque cross shapes are popular gemstones. However, this material is very rarely transparent or facetable. These dark...
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Amblygonite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Amblygonite gems are usually pale straw yellow. Although they are too soft and cleavable to make good ring stones, collectors...
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Celestite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Soft, fragile, and hard to cut, celestite or celestine is seldom seen in gem collections. These gems are usually colorless...
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Faceting Tips for Exotic Gemstones
Some gems are seldom faceted because they're rarely found in nature or rarely used for jewelry. Learn a few tricks...
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Rubellite Tourmaline Buying Guide
Our rubellite buying guide can help you learn how rubellites are graded, what to avoid, and how to identify a...
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Paraíba Tourmaline Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Discovered in 1989, paraíba tourmalines are among the world’s most prized gemstones. These rare gems are renowned for showing intense...
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Chrome Tourmaline Buying Guide
Rare chrome tourmaline can show an emerald-like green color. With a highly desired color and tourmaline's excellent qualities as a...
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Some Advice for Cutting Tourmaline Gemstones
Cutting tourmaline can be difficult. Learn how to cut tourmaline, including faceting techniques to minimize the risk of damaging your...
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Verdelite (Green Tourmaline) Buying Guide
Looking for a tourmaline jewelry stone? If you like green and you're on a budget, green tourmaline or verdelite is...
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What is a Crystal?
Learn the scientific definition of crystal used by gemologists and answer some basic questions about what is and is not...
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What is a Gem Reflectometer?
What’s the difference between a reflectometer and a refractometer? If you’re interested in studying or buying gems, learn the facts...
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What is the Usambara Effect In Gemstones?
The Usambara effect is a gemstone color change phenomenon distinct from pleochroism or the alexandrite effect. Tourmaline and other species...
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Are There Color Change Diamonds?
A classic chameleon diamond can change color from green to yellow under certain conditions. Learn more about this process and...
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Can Diamonds Burn?
Diamonds may form under intense heat and pressure, but under what conditions can diamonds burn? Learn the science behind a...
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What Causes Fuzzy Refractometer Readings?
Fuzzy refractometer readings may be the result of poorly faceted gems, the wrong amount of refraction liquid, and even stone...
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How to Estimate Gem Weight in a Jewelry Setting
Although you can't weigh a gemstone in a jewelry setting, you can get a close approximation of the gem weight...
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What are Gemstone Absorption Spectra?
Learn how gems absorb wavelengths of light and how gemologists use gemstone absorption spectra to identify gems. There’s more to...
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How to Re-Polish a Refractometer Hemicylinder
The glass used to make refractometer hemicylinders is susceptible to tarnish. Here's a step-by-step guide for re-polishing a refractometer hemicylinder....
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One Carat Oval Diamonds: A Complete Shopping Guide
One-carat oval diamonds are versatile alternatives to one-carat rounds. Our guide can help you find the right oval-cut diamond for...
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Spectroscope Instructions for Novice Gemologists
The spectroscope is one of gemology’s principal tools. Our basic spectroscope instructions will teach you how to operate and calibrate...
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Specific Gravity Testing Part 5: Using Heavy Liquids
Using heavy liquids to measure a gemstone's specific gravity poses some health hazards. Learn the techniques and precautions that gemologists...
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Specific Gravity Testing Part 3: Calculating Specific Gravity with an Electronic Scale
You can use an electronic scale for calculating specific gravity if you have the right accessory, a hanging basket for...
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Specific Gravity Testing Part 2: Using a Balance Scale or a Hanneman Specific Gravity Scale
Using a balance scale to test specific gravity is a recommended practice in gemology. Learn to make your own scale...
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Gemstone Physical Properties
The optical properties of gems attract our eyes and can give a cut stone a unique character. However, gemstone physical...
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Specific Gravity Testing Part 1: Definitions
Learn specific gravity testing methods for gem identification. Our 5-part introductory series starts with the basics and key definitions.
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Corundum Treatments
Corundum gems receive more types of treatments than any other stones. Learn how to test rubies and sapphires for signs...
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Color Change Garnet Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Any stone that changes color under different types of light is a rare treat for collectors. Color change garnets show...
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Gemstone Treatment Codes
The AGTA has proposed the use of gemstone treatment codes to promote disclosure and a common language for these procedures....
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How Does Vapor Deposition Create Mystic Topaz and Aqua Aura Quartz?
Vapor deposition can be used to enhance gemstones like topaz and quartz with a metal coating or sheen. Learn how...
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Topaz Buying Guide
Our topaz buying guide can help you learn how topazes are graded, what to avoid, and how to identify a...
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Pyrope Garnet Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Pyrope always occurs in series with other garnet species. Common, dark red garnets are a mixture of almandine and pyrope....
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What are Gemstone Enhancements?
Gemstone enhancements improve the appearance and wearability of gems. Learn about the most commonly used procedures and frequently treated types...
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Refractive Index List of Common Household Liquids
Gemologists may immerse gems in refraction fluids during examinations. This refractive index list of household liquids offers some common alternatives....
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Tucson Gem and Mineral Show Reviews
Novice and expert gemologists discuss their experiences at the celebrated annual February Tucson Gem and Mineral Show. You'll find reviews...
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How to Clean Your Gemstone Jewelry
A little gemology goes a long way. Learn how to clean your gemstone jewelry safely and how to deal with...
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Pricing Faceted Gems and Calculating Your Return
Properly pricing faceted gems can be a daunting task for investors. Learn how to research gem prices and calculate your...
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Malachite Symbolism
Behind every mystical gem is a merchant. Since ancient times, malachite has been “the salesman's stone.” Learn more about malachite...
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Marketing Your Gems Online
Accurate descriptions and quality photographs are essential for marketing your gems online. Learn about options and best practices for improving...
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A Guide to Gem Selling Platforms
Determining where to sell your gems — whether online or in-person — can be difficult. Here’s a look at the...
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Lapis Lazuli Symbolism
How do you say “love me” with a stone? Learn about lapis lazuli symbolism and legends. This beautiful blue mineral...
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Negotiating Strategies for the Gem Trade
What negotiating strategies work best in the gem trade? Learn how some general principles and a win-win mindset can help...
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How to Prepare for Gemstone Negotiations
Research is crucial for success in any business deal. To prepare for gemstone negotiations, focus on these three subjects to...
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Turquoise Symbolism
Many people consider beautiful sky blue turquoise stones to be lucky. Learn about the turquoise symbolism and lore of Native...
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Negotiations 101: Key Principles for Buying Gems for Profit
Your gem investment profits depend mostly on the prices you set through negotiations. Understanding four key business principles will help...
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Options for Financing Gem Buying for Profit
How should you pay for investment gems? Learn the pros of cons of three options for financing gem investments —...
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How to Establish a Network of Gem Trade Contacts
To make a profit investing in gems, you’ll need a network of gem trade contacts. Here’s some advice on how...
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Gemstone Sourcing Guide
Investors have many gemstone sourcing options, but which ones will work best for you? Learn the pros and cons, as...
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The Impact of Lab-Grown Stones on the Gem Market
Lab-grown stones have the potential to disrupt the gem market. Learn how they can affect supply and demand and whether...
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Topaz Symbolism
Topaz's most popular mystical association has been with wealth. However, topaz symbolism and lore also covers areas such as health,...
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Insights on Gemstone Pricing
Gemstone pricing can vary greatly between dealers. Learn about the myriad factors that go into prices for both colored gems...
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Gemstone Orientation for Beginners
Choosing the best gemstone orientation for your rough takes skill and experience. Learn what factors you should take into account...
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Gemstone Rarity and Ease of Replacement
Most gemstones are rare, but some are rarer than others. Learn how gemstone rarity and ease of replacement can affect...
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Inclusion Management and Gemstone Faceting
Inclusion management is one of the most challenging aspects of gemstone faceting. Learn when to remove and when to keep...
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Supply and Demand: Gemstone Market Dynamics
The gem market can be very subjective. Nevertheless, investors can make money by starting with the basics: understanding supply and...
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What Do the GIA Gem Clarity Grading Codes Mean?
A gemstone’s clarity grade indicates how free it is of inclusions and blemishes. Learn how to decipher the GIA clarity...
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Gemstone Buying for Profit: Budget and Basis
Good-quality gemstones are expensive, but you can make money investing in gems even if you have a small investment budget....
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Managing Your Time Horizon for Gem Buying and Selling
How long should investors hold on to gemstones? Learn how your investment goals, business model, and patience affect your investment...
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Evaluating Market Risk for Gemstones
Gemstone investors must keep up with global trends when evaluating market risk. Learn how studying sociocultural factors can lead to...
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Risk Management and Gem Buying for Profit
You can’t eliminate all risks from gem investing, but understanding the risks you’ll face and your appetite for them will...
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Buying Gems for Profit: An Introduction
Successful investing in gemstones requires knowledge and experience. The IGS Buying Gems for Profit course will give you the knowledge...
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Gem Pricing Advice for Faceters
Gem pricing isn't easy, and guidelines aren't always fixed. Learn what factors gem cutters should consider to determine a fair...
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What is Gemstone Pleochroism?
Some gems show pleochroism, two or three different colors depending on the viewing angle. Learn why this occurs and how...
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How to Re-Oil Emeralds Safely and Easily
Oil treatment is a standard industry practice for enhancing emeralds. However, the treatments are not permanent. Learn how to re-oil...
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Meteorite Jewelry: An Introduction
Meteorites can make beautiful, unique jewelry. This primer on meteorite terminology will help you buy the perfect meteorite jewelry piece...
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What Causes Emerald Fractures?
Emeralds get their green color from chromium and vanadium. Learn how the presence of these elements affects their formation and...
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Emerald Fillers and Treatments
Emerald fillers can improve the beauty of these gems but also have some drawbacks. Learn how to choose the right...
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Ruby Buying Guide – Special Free Preview
Our ruby buying guide can help you learn how rubies are graded, what to avoid, and how to identify a...
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Are White Aquamarines Genuine Aquamarines?
Aquamarine is the blue to blue-green variety of beryl. If you encounter so-called white aquamarines, buyer beware. Learn the facts...
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What is a Trapiche Emerald?
Trapiche emerald gems are some of the world's rarest emeralds. Learn where they're found and how their characteristic “spoked wheel”...
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Is a Lab-Created Emerald a Real Emerald?
What's the difference between a lab-created emerald and a natural emerald? Is a synthetic gem a real gem? Learn the...
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How to Find Curved Striae in Synthetic Ruby and Sapphire
Curved striae or lines are a telltale sign of synthetic ruby and sapphire. If you're having trouble seeing them, here...
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Are Serengeti Rubies Real Rubies?
Although Tanzania is a source of rubies, so-called Serengeti rubies are more likely to be garnets. Learn more about rubies...
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What is the Best Synthetic Corundum?
There are many ways to grow ruby and sapphire in a lab. However, determining the best synthetic corundum for faceting...
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Emerald Symbolism
Emerald symbolism encompasses not only royalty but also wit, eloquence, and foresight. Learn more about the legends surrounding this prized...
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What are the Best Rough Sapphire Stones?
The best rough sapphire stones may come from different sources, depending on the color you want. However, valuable blues may...
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Do Natural Rubies Fluoresce?
Both natural and synthetic rubies fluoresce under UV light. Learn how slight differences in fluorescence patterns can help gemologists distinguish...
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Ruby and Sapphire Origins
Ruby and sapphire origins greatly affect the values of these prized gems. Learn where these stones occur and how inclusions...
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Ruby Symbolism
Many cultures have long considered ruby a king's gem. Not surprisingly, ruby symbolism and lore have many associations with power,...
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What’s the Difference Between Rubies and Pink Sapphires?
How do gemologists distinguish between rubies and pink sapphires? Learn about the chemistry of corundum and the history of the...
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Mimetite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Transparent mimetite crystals are extremely rare, and very few have ever been faceted. Cabochons with rich orange and yellow colors...
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Calcareous Concretions Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Several species of marine mollusks produce stony growths called calcareous concretions or non-nacreous pearls. Varieties such as conch pearls, tridacna...
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What is the Average Gemstone Faceting Yield?
What’s the average gemstone faceting yield from a single piece of rough? Learn how to estimate how much material you’ll...
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Keshi Pearls and Soufflé Pearls
Not all pearls are perfectly round and white. Learn about keshi pearls and soufflé pearls, which can form as cultured...
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Pectolite (Larimar) Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Fibrous pectolite has long been a curiosity for gem collectors. Compact material can make wonderful cabochons, and transparent crystals are...
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Gem Cutting Acronyms and Their Meanings
You'll find gem cutting acronyms like L/W in faceting guides. Learn what these frequently used terms mean and how they...
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Väyrynenite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Väyrynenite is a very rare mineral. Crystals as well as faceted gemstones in reddish, pinkish, and orange colors are prized...
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Pyrargyrite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Deep red pyrargyrite occurs in a number of localities in well-formed but small crystals. However, facetable rough is rare and...
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Dioptase Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Dioptase has a beautiful, emerald-like green color. Although this mineral isn’t rare, gems are seldom faceted because of a paucity...
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Gemstone Doublets, Triplets, and Other Assembled Stones
Made from two or more materials, assembled gems can make durable and affordable jewelry. Learn more about gemstone doublets, triplets,...
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Microlite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Ranging in color from pale yellow to brown, reddish, and green, microlite cabochons are prized by collectors. Faceted gems are...
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Haüyne Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
One of the major mineral constituents of lapis lazuli, haüyne is rarely found and faceted as a distinct gemstone. Collectors...
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Table of Gems Ordered by Crystal System
This table contains a selection of minerals gemologists may encounter as jewelry stones or gem specimens. The gems are sorted...
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Specific Gravity Values of Selected Gems
Measuring specific gravity helps gemologists identify gemstones. The following table lists the specific gravity values for a variety of gem...
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Ekanite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
A relative newcomer to the world of gemstones, ekanite is rare and usually quite radioactive. When cabbed, some ekanites can...
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Beryllonite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Difficult to facet and typically colorless, beryllonite is a rare collector’s gem. Some specimens can show a striking cat’s eye....
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Friedelite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Friedelite is not abundant, and gem-quality material is rarely seen even in large collections. Faceted gems are true collector's items....
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Azurite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Collectors prize deep blue azurite crystals, but faceted gems are extremely rare. However, azurite frequently occurs mixed with green malachite,...
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Whewellite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Seldom seen even in mineral collections, whewellite is very rarely faceted. It’s mostly desired as a curiosity because of its...
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Jeremejevite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Jeremejevite would make a durable and attractive jewelry stone, but this rare mineral occurs even more rarely as facetable material....
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Making Money Investing in Gems: The Top 5 Rules
How do you make money investing in gems? What should you buy, for how much, and how can you add...
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Gemology Career Options
Thinking of becoming a gemologist? Consider these gemology career options, compare their estimated salaries, and decide which one may be...
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Mandarin Garnet Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
While the colors of spessartite garnet gemstones cover a wide range of orange shades, the mandarin garnet is as pure...
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What is Gemstone Transparency?
Gemstone transparency describes how much light passes through a gem and how it scatters. Learn what causes a gem to...
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Table of Refractive Indices and Double Refraction of Selected Gems
Refractive indices and double refraction (birefringence) help gemologists identify gems. The following table lists these values for selected gemstones.
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Gypsum Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Gypsum is one of the most abundant minerals, but gem-quality crystals are very rare. This material is extremely difficult to...
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Algodonite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Bright, silvery metallic cabochons of algodonite and domeykite are attractive and unusual. Faceted pieces are rarely seen but very beautiful...
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Crocoite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Lovely saffron-colored crocoite is quite a rare mineral. Although too soft and brittle for jewelry wear, a few crystals have...
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Seven Stunning but Delicate Engagement Ring Stones
With protective settings and special care, these seven beautiful but delicate engagement ring stones can help you make a unique...
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Should I Buy a Diamond Online?
Do you want to buy a diamond for an engagement ring? Don't. Still want to buy a diamond? OK. Here...
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Impossible Diamond Color Quiz
Test your ability to sort diamonds by color with our fun and quick Diamond Color Sorting Quiz. Learn a thing...
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Scheelite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Large, faceted scheelites are among the most beautiful of all collector’s gemstones. They occur in many colors and fluoresce very...
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Willemite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Willemite is prized for its intense green fluorescence. Too fragile for jewelry use, faceted specimens are extremely rare.
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Brazilianite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Brazilianite's lovely green to yellow colors make it a must for gem collectors. Large faceted stones are often flawed, but...
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Properties of Diamond Simulants
Diamond simulants, like cubic zirconia and moissanite, often appear in jewelry. See how the properties of real diamonds compare with...
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Lab-Created Diamonds: The Ultimate Guide
Separate fact from fiction and you’ll find lab-created diamonds make great alternatives to mined diamonds. Our guide will show you...
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2018 Update to the FTC Diamond Jewelry Guides
The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) can help jewelry marketers avoid making deceptive claims. Learn about the FTC diamond jewelry...
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Can Blockchain Diamonds Solve Ethical Sourcing and Grading Issues?
Blockchain tech can provide secure, digital transaction records. Can blockchain diamonds resolve ethical and legal issues related to sourcing and...
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An Introduction to Conflict Diamonds and the Kimberley Process
NGOs and movies have helped raise awareness of conflict diamonds, and governments have taken steps to stop their trade. How...
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A Brief History of Diamonds
Learn how diamonds formed geologically and how they became the virtual standard for engagement ring stones in this brief history...
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Opal Symbolism
Once the stone of royalty, the fragile opal has a convoluted personality and lore. Opal symbolism is as varied as...
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Yugawaralite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Yugawaralite is a very rare colorless to pinkish zeolite mineral. Little facetable material exists, so a cut yugawaralite would be...
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Pyroxmangite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Pyroxmangite grains are rare, seldom clean enough to facet, and difficult to cut. However, when cut, they are extremely beautiful...
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Phosphophyllite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Renowned for its delicate blue-green shades, phosphophyllite’s beauty is enhanced by expert cutting. Unfortunately, this gem is quite fragile and...
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What is Gemstone Luminescence?
Gemstone luminescence is a glow that occurs when certain stones are subjected to energy such as UV light. This effect...
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Thaumasite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
For a long time, rare thaumasite crystals — pale, fragile, and with little to no fire — were interesting primarily...
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Opal and Pearl Care Guide
Opals and pearls have special setting, cleaning, and storage needs. Our opal and pearl care guide will help you keep...
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Augelite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Soft and brittle, rare augelites are difficult to cut and unsuitable for wear. Faceted transparent pieces are only found in...
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Cassiterite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Cassiterite is a durable gemstone with tremendous dispersive fire, especially visible in properly cut pale-colored stones. As the principal ore...
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Ceruleite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
A little-known gem material of truly exquisite color, sky-blue ceruleite takes a very high polish easily and quickly. However, fine,...
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Sarcolite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Sarcolite is an extremely rare mineral. Tiny, colorless to “fleshy pink” gems have been cut only from material from one...
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Sulfur Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although sulfur is very abundant, facetable material is not. Sulfur is also enormously difficult to cut and almost impossible to...
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Chrysoberyl Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although many gems show a cat’s eye effect, when the term “cat’s eye” is used alone, it always refers to...
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Hemimorphite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Massive hemimorphite can have a very delicate, blue color. However, it's seldom cut because not very much has appeared on...
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What is Gemstone Birefringence?
A gemstone's birefringence is a measure of its double refraction. Learn how to use it to identify gems and see...
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Painite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Until 2001, only three painite crystals were known to exist. Since then, additional discoveries have produced many more specimens of...
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Papagoite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Cerulean blue papagoite crystals are too small for faceting. However, massive material mixed with quartz can be cabbed, while quartz...
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Brucite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Brucites are extremely difficult to cut. Although too soft for jewelry use, faceted pieces would be great additions to collections...
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Brookite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Brookite usually occurs in very dark colors, transparent only in small fragments. Cuttable crystals are exceedingly rare, making attractive faceted...
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Witherite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Easy to cut but too soft and fragile for jewelry, a faceted witherite would make an unusual addition to a...
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Chicken-Blood Stone Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
One of the most prized ornamental materials in China, chicken-blood stone has been used for centuries to create carvings with...
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Amethyst Symbolism
Amethyst has many popular folkloric associations, from love and spirituality to supernatural protection. Learn more about amethyst symbolism and legends....
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An Introduction to Fancy Gem Cuts
Rounds dominate the gem market, but fancy gem cuts offer many beautiful options. Learn about the most popular fancy shapes,...
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Gemstone Facets: Terminology and Functions
Not only do gemstone facets create beautiful patterns on gem surfaces, they also help gems shine. While gem cutters will...
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An Introduction to the Lapidary Arts
Lapidary is the art of working with gemstones. Learn more about the four basic lapidary arts: tumbling, cabbing, faceting, and...
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Uvarovite Garnet Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Always a dark, rich green color, uvarovite is one of the rarest members of the garnet family. Usually only seen...
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Niccolite (Nickeline) Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Niccolite’s delicate peachy red color and metallic luster looks beautiful when polished. Gem cutters typically carve this gem material into...
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Bead and Necklace Size Charts
Whether you’re a novice bead jewelry maker or just shopping for necklaces, these bead and necklace size charts and links...
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Millerite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Millerite has a rich, attractive yellow color. Massive millerites can sometimes be cut into cabochons but are too soft for...
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Miscellaneous Gems: Polishing Survey Results
The IGS survey results for polishing miscellaneous gems include recommendations for popular stones as well as gems seen less frequently...
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Opal Polishing Survey Results
Take a look at the IGS member survey results for opal polishing. You'll find recommendations for polishes, laps, and techniques...
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Peridot Polishing Survey Results
Popular jewelry stones, peridots can actually vary in hardness. Our IGS member survey results can help you choose the right...
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Corundum Polishing Survey Results
The corundum gem family includes ever popular rubies and sapphires. Our IGS member survey results offer some corundum polishing recommendations....
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Cubic Zirconia Polishing Survey Results
Cubic zirconia is the most popular diamond simulant currently available. You can find polishing recommendations for this material in our...
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How to Polish Gems of 7-8 Hardness: Survey Results
Some very popular jewelry stones, such as beryl, quartz, and topaz, fall in the 7-8 hardness range. You can find...
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How to Polish Gems of 4-6 Hardness: Survey Results
Polishing feldspar, fluorite, apatite, or other gems in the 4-6 hardness range? Our IGS member survey results can recommend some...
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Quartz Polishing Survey Results
Looking for lap, polish, or lubricant suggestions for quartz polishing? You can find numerous combinations and technical advice in our...
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Chabazite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Although faceting chabazite isn't too difficult, it's too soft for jewelry. However, only a handful of cut chabazites may exist...
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What is my Birthstone?
The idea of a single birthstone for each month is a modern idea with a long history, but today's consumers...
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Gemology Book Reviews: Careers
Learn how varied gemology careers can be. Our gemology book reviews highlight three different approaches — as art, science, and...
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Jewelers Pricing Survey
The International Gem Society (IGS) ran a jewelers pricing survey in 2002 and 2012. Over those ten years, we saw...
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The Mohs Hardness Scale and Chart for Select Gems
The Mohs hardness scale measures a mineral's resistance to scratching. Find the traditional scale here and a chart of select...
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IGS Certification Exam: Sample Gemology Questions
What does it take to become a professional gemologist? Try these sample gemology questions from the International Gem Society certification...
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Centrifugal and Vacuum Casting for Jewelry: A Step-By-Step Guide
Our step-by-step guide will help you learn to use vacuum casting techniques to create wax models for jewelry.
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Ruby Buying Guide
Our ruby buying guide can help you learn how rubies are graded, what to avoid, and how to identify a...
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How To Make A Rock Lamp
With the right tools and a little drilling know-how, you can create a rock lamp with an agate or jasper...
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Pricing Information For Star Opals From Spencer, Idaho
Some opals from Spencer, Idaho show asterism or the “star stone” effect. Learn how to price these beautiful but rare...
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What is the Best Lap for Polishing Sapphire?
Polishing sapphire gemstones can be tough on laps. Learn the pros and cons of different laps and some techniques to...
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What Is The Difference Between Chert, Flint, And Mozarkite?
Flint and mozarkite are types of chert. While flint is known for its practical use, mozarkite is a colorful variety...
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Gem Cutting Machine Recommendations
What's the best gem cutting machine for novices? Read about some popular models and learn the importance of finding the...
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Beginning Wax Casting: Resources For Jewelry Makers
Wax casting makes it possible to create intricate and unique metal pieces for jewelry. Here are some tips for beginners...
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How Should A Gemstone Contact A Faceting Machine Lap?
Is a flat lap to dop swing really necessary? Learn how a gemstone should contact a faceting machine lap and...
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An Introduction to Turkey’s Gemstones
Turkey's gemstones include well-known species such as diaspore, chalcedony, and purple jade, as well as unusual specimens of lesser-known gems....
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Advice for Preforming Gemstone Rough for Maximum Yield
To pick the right cut for a gem, you need to figure its maximum potential shape. Preforming gemstone rough is...
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Choosing And Applying Doublet Glue For Jewelry
What's the best doublet glue for creating assembled stone jewelry? Learn about the choices as well as tips for making...
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How To Restore The Spring Of A Sterling Silver Money Clip
Has your sterling silver money clip lost its spring? If you have experience with metalworking, learn these methods for repairing...
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Repairing Platinum Jewelry: Tips For Getting Started
Working with platinum is actually a little easier than working with gold. If you want to add platinum jewelry repair...
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How To Make A Quartz Wedge For Polariscope Testing
A quartz wedge can be used with a polariscope to help a gemologist distinguish the + or – optic sign...
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Advice For Grading Dark Colored Gemstones
Faceted dark colored gemstones can have intense colors but little brilliance. A simple formula can help a gemologist estimate a...
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Faceted Gemstones And Light Return Measurements
What factors determine the light return of faceted gemstones? Facet quality, polish, color, and cut style all play roles. Learn...
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A Cabochon Bezel Setting For Unusual Opal Doublets
Cabochon cuts are popular for showcasing opal doublets. Learn a trick for making a bezel setting for doublets that are...
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Where Can You Find Agate Stones Forming?
Agate stones typically form slowly in the cavities of ancient hardened lava flows. Learn where you can see this process...
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Ring Sizing Advice For Novice Jewelry Makers
Ring sizing is an important part of jewelry making and repair. Learn a few soldering and annealing tricks from the...
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Facet Designs For Beginners
What are the best facet designs for novice gem cutters? Find recommendations for cutting styles, books, resources, and gemstone rough...
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Green Tourmaline and Rubellite: Emerald-Cutting Advice
Dark green tourmaline and red rubellite gems can look very black in an emerald cut. Learn how to minimize this...
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Getting Started in the Jewelry Trade
How do you start making a living in the jewelry trade? You need to learn gemology and metalsmithing and get...
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Spectrolite Gem Cutting Advice
Learn how to cut spectrolite and other labradorite gems so you can showcase their striking color flash most effectively.
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Why are Topaz and Citrine Gemstones Misidentified?
Learn why citrine gemstones are sometimes misidentified as topaz. A professional appraisal by an independent gem lab is the best...
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Sphalerite Appraisal
Learn what factors most influence a sphalerite appraisal and what kind of jewelry will best showcase this beautiful gemstone.
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Gemology For Kids: Games And Activities
Make gemology for kids educational and fun with these gemstone-themed games for all ages. Try these solo and party activities....
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Gemstone Crossword Puzzle Collection
Our gemstone crossword puzzle collection is a fun and challenging way to test your knowledge of gemology, whether you’re an...
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Gemology Reference Books: Reviews
Whether you’re an expert or novice gemologist or collector, add these gemology reference books we’ve reviewed to your library.
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Best Books to Read When Getting Started in Faceting
We make recommendations about the best books to buy and read when getting started in faceting.
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2014 Clark Scholarship Finalist – Essay 5
Marilyn Monroe said “Diamonds are a girl’s best friend.” Jill St. John said “Diamonds are forever.” Elizabeth Taylor said “Big...
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Color Change Sapphire Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Color change sapphires are those that change color between light sources.
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Star Sapphire Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Star sapphire is a type of sapphire that displays asterism, a star-like optical effect.
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Padparadscha Sapphire Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Padparadscha sapphires show a blend of orange and pink colors, one of the rarest of all sapphire color combinations. Padparadschas...
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Quartzite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Quartzite is a rock made up of tightly packed quartz grains. Sometimes, it contains small crystals that reflect light. This...
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Smoky Quartz Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Smoky quartz comes in every shade of brown, from a light tan to nearly black. This gem is known for...
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Microcline Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Microcline is a variety of feldspar. The only microcline you are likely to encounter is amazonite.
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Proteus Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
A few almandine/pyrope garnets from the US will change with treatment into proteus garnets. In reflected light, they have a...
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Hydrogrossular Garnet Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Hydrogrossular differs from the other garnets in that it is never transparent. It ranges from translucent to opaque. The most...
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Jasper Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Jasper is an opaque, solid or patterned variety of cryptocrystalline quartz. All types of jasper take an excellent polish, are...
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Chrysocolla Chalcedony Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Marketed as "Gem Silica" this relatively rare, blue to blue-green, opaque to near transparent material is the most expensive type...
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Tiger’s Eye Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Crocidolite, (blue asbestos,) alters to quartz, but while retaining its fibrous structure. This material is frequently stained by iron, giving...
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Carnelian Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
The best-known and generally least expensive variety of chalcedony is carnelian. It ranges in color from yellow-orange to rich, near...
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Gem Price Guide
The IGS Gem Price Guide covers many popular as well as unusual, collectible gems. Find your gem’s retail value based...
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Identifying Synthetic Spinel
Synthetic spinel is a widely used jewelry stone. Learn how gemologists can identify lab-made flame-fusion, flux, and Czochralski spinels.
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Celebrity Engagement Rings
What stones are the trendsetters using to pop the question? Take a look at the diamonds and colored gems in...
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Vanadinite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Very few vanadinites have ever been cut. This is unfortunate, since their red, orange, and brown colors are rich and...
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Idocrase Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Idocrase is one of the lesser known and more beautiful collector gems. When properly cut it is as bright and...
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Bustamite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Pale pink and brownish red bustamite can make a very attractive faceted gem. However, stones in large sizes are rare...
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Boleite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Cut boleite is strictly for collectors, since it is soft and very rare. Faceted gems of any transparency should be...
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Appraisals
Advanced gemological laboratory services and appraisals at cost-effective prices.
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List of False or Misleading Gemstone Names
A list of False or Misleading Gemstone Names and its Actual Gemological Name. Gathered by the source "Gemstones of the...
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Identifying Inclusions Found in Natural Gems
Successful tips and guide in identifying Inclusions Found in Natural Gems. Read and learn several ways to identify inclusions found...
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How to Make a Bead Bracelet
This beginner's bead bracelet project is a great way to learn how to string beads with wire. Follow these hints...
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Tremolite
Tremolite runs in a solid-state series with actinolite to ferroactinolite. (Ferroactinolite is not used as a gemstone.) Details and information...
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Product Review, Ultra Tec Faceting Machine
Ultra Tec Faceting Machine Review . The Ultra Tec has been referred to as the BMW of faceting machines. We...
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Vivianite
Vivianite is fragile and soft that cut gems would be difficult to handle safely,let alone wear.The color is very rich,...
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Faceting Survey Results – Polishing – Sunstone
Faceting Survey Results for Polishing Sunstone: Get polishing methods for Sunstone. View results for various procedures in polishing Sunstone gemstones....
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Faceting Survey Results – Polishing – Topaz
Faceting Survey Results for Polishing Topaz: Get ideas and methods on polishing Topaz. View results for various procedures in polishing...
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Faceting Survey Results – Polishing – Tourmaline
Faceting Survey Results for Polishing Tourmaline: Get polishing methods for Tourmaline. View results for various procedures in polishing Tourmaline gems....
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Faceting Survey Results – Polishing – Garnet
Faceting Survey Results for Polishing Garnet stones. Know the preferred polishing methods for Garnet. Also, view results for various procedures...
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Faceting Survey Results – Polishing – Beryl
Polishing Beryls: Get successful tips, suggestions, and methods to polish a Beryl laptype, synthetic emerald laptype, or any gemstone of...
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Faceting Survey Results – Polishing – Comments
Below are a number of comments, instructions, and hints that I thought would be of interest. Enjoy:)
Tin Lead lap...
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Shells and Sea Shells
Sea shells are one of our most ancient decorations. Our prehistoric ancestors used to string them into necklaces or hang...
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Spinel
Spinel has played an important part in gem history. Prior to the last century, it was impossible to distinguish from...
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Rhodonite
Rhodonite is a popular and useful decorative material, ranging in color from pink to a fine rose-red.This article covers informative...
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Gem Price Guide
A guide for the price of various gemstones that is based on various sources for commonly traded goods. However, gems...
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Natural Glass Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Glass comes in several natural forms. All are used in jewelry.
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Laserblue Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Laserblue is a rare, synthetic glass. It's hard for glass but easy to chip.
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Interviews
The transcription of the interview of International Gem Society IGS with C.D. Parsons of Santa Paula, Calif. and Gerald Wykoff...
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Gahnospinel Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Gahnospinel is a solid-state solution between spinel and gahnite.
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Diamond Properties Chart
Quick facts about the optical and physical properties of diamonds.
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Gemology Interactive Media Reviews
Have the information of authoritative gemology books at the click of your mouse. Our gemology interactive media reviews showcase three...
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Clinochlore Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Clinochlore is a family of minerals in the chlorite group. To date, only kämmerite and sheridanite varieties are known to...
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Conflicting Gemology Terms and Definitions
No one to date has a total inventory, or a complete database, of gems and all their properties. Gemologists need...
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Tucson 2002
This year we asked our members for their impressions of the Tucson show. Here are their impressions. A little insight...
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Hyperitdiabas Value, Price, and Jewelry Information
Hyperitdiabas is one of the most outstanding minerals I have encountered in recent years. Its appearance striking beautiful and a...
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Birthstone Chart
What are the birthstones by month? January is garnet, February is amethyst, March is aquamarine, April is diamond, May is...
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Weights and Measures Conversion Chart
Printable chart to convert weights and measures including Carats, Grams, Kilograms, Ounces, Pounds and Troy Ounces Pounds and Pennyweights.
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LAP MATERIALS
A tabel of Lap Materials, Compliments of The International Gem Society. These figures are approximate and are put together for...
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Ring Size Comparison Chart
Ring Size Comparison Chart compliments of the International Gem Society. A conversion table of Ring sizes. 7 different ring size...
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Gem Structure Chart
A gem structure chart that shows various information on a specific structure and gems of example. Details include Refractive Indexes,...
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METAL/WAX FORMULAS
Jewelers need to know how to determine how much gold is needed for a wax mold. Here are three methods...
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BOOK REVIEW, Gem Dealers Secrets
A book review on "Gem Dealers Secrets". It is always a treat to find a book that lives up to...
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The Techniques of Master Wire Wrapping
Gerald Wykoff has gained worldwide recognition for his "Master's" series of gemological and lapidary books. The first, Beyond the Glitter,...
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